Measurements of the Great Pyramid

MEASUREMENTS OF THE GREAT PYRAMID

All measurements are in cubits, with the equivalence in meters between brackets (altitude means height above or depth below surface).

EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS

Height

280 (146.64) , now approximately 262 (137.2)

Lengths of sides

North 439.67(230.25) , south 440.05 (230.25)

East 439.93 (230.39) , west 439.87 (230.36)

Now approximately 434 (227.29)

Angles of corners

North east 90° 3' 2" , north west 89° 59' 58"

South east 89° 56' 27" , south west 90° 0' 33"

Orientation

Average deviation of sides from cardinal directions 3' 6"

Base is level to within 0.04 (0.021)

ENTRANCE & PASSAGES

Entrance

Altitude 32.4 (16.97)

13.92 (7.29) east from centre axis

Descending passage

Total length 200.94 (105.23) , 63.95 (33.49) through masonry and 136.99 (71.74) through bedrock

Height 2.27 (1.19)

Width 2 (1.05)

Ascending passage

Start in descending passage 53.87 (28.21) from entrance

Length 75.02 (39.29)

Height 2.29 (1.2)

Width at lower end 1.85 (0.97) , at upper end 2.02 (1.06)

Plug blocks

There are three of them

Start 3.59 (1.88) from beginning of ascending passage

Original length 9.83 (5.15) , now 9.36 (4.9)

Well shaft

Total length approximately 105 (54.99)

Opening at the beginning of the Queen's chamber's passage

Opening in descending passage 185.53 (97.16) from entrance

Width at opening in descending passage 1.49 (0.78)

There is a small recess just above the surface

SUBTERRANEAN CHAMBER

Entrance passage

Altitude at northern end -57.28 (-30) , at entrance -57.13 (-29.92)

Entrance is 13.88 (7.22) east of centre axis

Length (including antechamber) 16.78 (8.79)

Height at northern end 1.83 (0.96) , at entrance 1.74 (0.91)

Width 1.57 (0.82)

Antechamber

Southern end of antechamber 2.67 (1.4) from chamber's entrance

Length 3.53 (1.85)

Height 1.99 (1.04)

Width 3.51 (1.84)

Chamber

Altitude of roof -51.21 (-26.82)

The centre of the subterranean chamber is 1.26 (0.66) east of the pyramid's centre axis

Length along eastern wall 15.81 (8.28) , near western wall 15.98 (8.37)

Height of main part 7.52 (3.94) , at eastern end 6.8 (3.56) , at western end 0.48 (0.25) , around shaft 9.6 (5.03)

Width 26.86 (14.07)

Pit

Approximately at the centre of the chamber, near the eastern wall

Total depth approximately 5 (2.62)

Southern passage

Altitude at entrance -59.12 (-30.96) , at southern end -58.83 (-30.81)

Entrance is 13.82 (7.24) east of centre axis

Length 31.33 (16.41)

Height at entrance 1.51 (0.79) , at southern end 1.41 (0.74)

Width at entrance 1.43 (0.75) , from 1.26 (0.66) to 1.45 (0.76) beyond entrance

QUEEN'S CHAMBER

Entrance passage

Altitude north of step 41.51 (21.74) , 40.48 (21.2) beyond

Total length 73.92 (38.71) , north of step 63.39 (33.2) , south of step 10.53 (5.51)

Height north of step 2.25 (1.18) , south of step 3.28 (1.72)

Width 2.02 (1.06)

Chamber

The centre of the chamber is 9.44 (4.9) east of centre axis and 0.015 (0.0076) north of it

Length 9.99 (5.23)

Height on walls 8.96 (4.69) , under apex 11.9 (6.23)

Width 10.99 (5.75)

Mean angle of roof 30° 26'

Niche

In eastern wall

North side of niche 4.7 (2.46) from chamber's entrance

Depth 1.99 (1.04)

Height 8.92 (4.67)

Width at base 3 (1.57) , at top 0.97 (0.51)

There are four overlappings 0.25 (0.13) wide each

Northern shaft

Both shafts are approximately 3 (1.57) above floor

Distance from eastern wall 5.54 (2.9)

Height 0.4 (0.21) , width 0.4 (0.21)

Total length unknown, horizontal length 3.68 (1.93)

Angle varies from 33° 18' to 40° 6'

Southern shaft

Distance from eastern wall 5.5 (2.88)

Height 0.4 (0.21) , width 0.4 (0.21)

Total length 113.5 (59.44), horizontal length 3.74 (1.96)

109.8 (57.5) at 39° 36' 28"

GRAND GALLERY

Length

Total length 91.36 (47.84) , to great step 88.05 (46.11)

Height

Height 16.69 (8.74)

Width

Width between walls 4 (2.09) , at top 2 (1.05)

Ramps

There are ramps on the sides each 1 (0.52) wide

There are holes on top of the ramps, alternatively long and short: long holes 1.13 (0.59) , short holes 0.99 (0.52)

Overlapping

There are seven overlapping each 0.14 (0.07) wide

Great step

The great step is situated 0.02 (0.01) south of the pyramid's centre axis

The middle of the grand gallery is 13.79 (7.22) east of the pyramid's centre axis

KING'S CHAMBER

First passage

Altitude 82.09 (42.99)

Length from great step 5.5 (2.88) , from gallery's southern wall 2.98 (1.56)

Height 2 (1.05)

Width 2.02 (1.06)

Antechamber

Length 5.63 (2.95)

Height 7.24 (3.79)

Width 3.15 (1.65)

The eastern , southern and western walls are made of red granite

There are four slots in the eastern and western walls , the northernmost ones coming down only to the level of the passage roof and holding two blocks of granite

Second passage

Length 4.89 (2.56)

Height 2 (1.05)

Width 2.02 (1.06)

Chamber

The centre of the chamber is 4.8 (2.51) east of centre axis

The chamber is entirely made of red granite

Length 10 (5.24)

Height 11.17 (5.85)

Width 20 (10.47)

Northern shaft

Both shafts are approximately 2 (1.05) above floor

Distance from eastern wall 4.74 (2.48)

Height 0.27 (0.14) , width 0.4 (0.21)

Total length 113.61 (59.5), horizontal length 5.02 (2.63) ,

4 (2.09) at 17°, 4 at 25°, 4 at 29° 30', 6 (3.14) at 34°

and 113.61 (59.5) at 32° 36' 8"

Southern shaft

Distance from eastern wall 4.75 (2.49)

Height 0.27 (0.14) , width 0.34 (0.18)

Total length 102.25 (53.55), horizontal length 3.28 (1.72) ,

4.2 (2.2) at 39° 12', 8.3 (4.35) at 54° 32' 24"

and 86.5 (45.3) at 45°

Sarcophagus

At the centre of the chamber, near the western wall

External length 4.35 (2.28) Internal length 3.78 (1.98)

External height 2 (1.05) Internal depth 1.66 (0.87)

External width 1.87 (0.98) Internal width 1.3 (0.68)

Relieving chambers

There are five of them, the uppermost one having a gabled roof

Total height approximately 29 (15.19) above the ceiling of the King's chamber

Lengths and widths are the same as in the King's chamber

Height	280 (146.64) , now approximately 262 (137.2)
Lengths of sides	North 439.67(230.25) , south 440.05 (230.25) East 439.93 (230.39) , west 439.87 (230.36) Now approximately 434 (227.29)
Angles of corners	North east 90° 3' 2" , north west 89° 59' 58" South east 89° 56' 27" , south west 90° 0' 33"
Orientation	Average deviation of sides from cardinal directions 3' 6" Base is level to within 0.04 (0.021)

Entrance	Altitude 32.4 (16.97) 13.92 (7.29) east from centre axis
Descending passage	Total length 200.94 (105.23) , 63.95 (33.49) through masonry and 136.99 (71.74) through bedrock Height 2.27 (1.19) Width 2 (1.05)
Ascending passage	Start in descending passage 53.87 (28.21) from entrance Length 75.02 (39.29) Height 2.29 (1.2) Width at lower end 1.85 (0.97) , at upper end 2.02 (1.06)
Plug blocks	There are three of them Start 3.59 (1.88) from beginning of ascending passage Original length 9.83 (5.15) , now 9.36 (4.9)
Well shaft	Total length approximately 105 (54.99) Opening at the beginning of the Queen's chamber's passage Opening in descending passage 185.53 (97.16) from entrance Width at opening in descending passage 1.49 (0.78) There is a small recess just above the surface

Entrance passage	Altitude at northern end -57.28 (-30) , at entrance -57.13 (-29.92) Entrance is 13.88 (7.22) east of centre axis Length (including antechamber) 16.78 (8.79) Height at northern end 1.83 (0.96) , at entrance 1.74 (0.91) Width 1.57 (0.82)
Antechamber	Southern end of antechamber 2.67 (1.4) from chamber's entrance Length 3.53 (1.85) Height 1.99 (1.04) Width 3.51 (1.84)
Chamber	Altitude of roof -51.21 (-26.82) The centre of the subterranean chamber is 1.26 (0.66) east of the pyramid's centre axis Length along eastern wall 15.81 (8.28) , near western wall 15.98 (8.37) Height of main part 7.52 (3.94) , at eastern end 6.8 (3.56) , at western end 0.48 (0.25) , around shaft 9.6 (5.03) Width 26.86 (14.07)
Pit	Approximately at the centre of the chamber, near the eastern wall Total depth approximately 5 (2.62)
Southern passage	Altitude at entrance -59.12 (-30.96) , at southern end -58.83 (-30.81) Entrance is 13.82 (7.24) east of centre axis Length 31.33 (16.41) Height at entrance 1.51 (0.79) , at southern end 1.41 (0.74) Width at entrance 1.43 (0.75) , from 1.26 (0.66) to 1.45 (0.76) beyond entrance

Entrance passage	Altitude north of step 41.51 (21.74) , 40.48 (21.2) beyond Total length 73.92 (38.71) , north of step 63.39 (33.2) , south of step 10.53 (5.51) Height north of step 2.25 (1.18) , south of step 3.28 (1.72) Width 2.02 (1.06)
Chamber	The centre of the chamber is 9.44 (4.9) east of centre axis and 0.015 (0.0076) north of it Length 9.99 (5.23) Height on walls 8.96 (4.69) , under apex 11.9 (6.23) Width 10.99 (5.75) Mean angle of roof 30° 26'
Niche	In eastern wall North side of niche 4.7 (2.46) from chamber's entrance Depth 1.99 (1.04) Height 8.92 (4.67) Width at base 3 (1.57) , at top 0.97 (0.51) There are four overlappings 0.25 (0.13) wide each
Northern shaft	Both shafts are approximately 3 (1.57) above floor Distance from eastern wall 5.54 (2.9) Height 0.4 (0.21) , width 0.4 (0.21) Total length unknown, horizontal length 3.68 (1.93) Angle varies from 33° 18' to 40° 6'
Southern shaft	Distance from eastern wall 5.5 (2.88) Height 0.4 (0.21) , width 0.4 (0.21) Total length 113.5 (59.44), horizontal length 3.74 (1.96) 109.8 (57.5) at 39° 36' 28"

Length	Total length 91.36 (47.84) , to great step 88.05 (46.11)
Height	Height 16.69 (8.74)
Width	Width between walls 4 (2.09) , at top 2 (1.05)
Ramps	There are ramps on the sides each 1 (0.52) wide There are holes on top of the ramps, alternatively long and short: long holes 1.13 (0.59) , short holes 0.99 (0.52)
Overlapping	There are seven overlapping each 0.14 (0.07) wide
Great step	The great step is situated 0.02 (0.01) south of the pyramid's centre axis The middle of the grand gallery is 13.79 (7.22) east of the pyramid's centre axis

First passage	Altitude 82.09 (42.99) Length from great step 5.5 (2.88) , from gallery's southern wall 2.98 (1.56) Height 2 (1.05) Width 2.02 (1.06)
Antechamber	Length 5.63 (2.95) Height 7.24 (3.79) Width 3.15 (1.65) The eastern , southern and western walls are made of red granite There are four slots in the eastern and western walls , the northernmost ones coming down only to the level of the passage roof and holding two blocks of granite
Second passage	Length 4.89 (2.56) Height 2 (1.05) Width 2.02 (1.06)
Chamber	The centre of the chamber is 4.8 (2.51) east of centre axis The chamber is entirely made of red granite Length 10 (5.24) Height 11.17 (5.85) Width 20 (10.47)
Northern shaft	Both shafts are approximately 2 (1.05) above floor Distance from eastern wall 4.74 (2.48) Height 0.27 (0.14) , width 0.4 (0.21) Total length 113.61 (59.5), horizontal length 5.02 (2.63) , 4 (2.09) at 17°, 4 at 25°, 4 at 29° 30', 6 (3.14) at 34° and 113.61 (59.5) at 32° 36' 8"
Southern shaft	Distance from eastern wall 4.75 (2.49) Height 0.27 (0.14) , width 0.34 (0.18) Total length 102.25 (53.55), horizontal length 3.28 (1.72) , 4.2 (2.2) at 39° 12', 8.3 (4.35) at 54° 32' 24" and 86.5 (45.3) at 45°
Sarcophagus	At the centre of the chamber, near the western wall External length 4.35 (2.28) Internal length 3.78 (1.98) External height 2 (1.05) Internal depth 1.66 (0.87) External width 1.87 (0.98) Internal width 1.3 (0.68)
Relieving chambers	There are five of them, the uppermost one having a gabled roof Total height approximately 29 (15.19) above the ceiling of the King's chamber Lengths and widths are the same as in the King's chamber